Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani
Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani (transl. Tamil Nadu Progressive Front) was a short-lived political party founded by veteran Tamil film actor Sivaji Ganesan that existed from 10 February 1988 to December 1989.[1] Sivaji Ganesan had a long running relation with many political parties, with his first movie itself being a movie of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).This party also contested on ladder symbol in 1989 election.
The party was born in 10 February 1988 after a split in the Tamil Nadu faction of the Indian National Congress. The split itself was after another party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) broke into two fragments one led by V. N. Janaki and R. M. Veerappan and other by J. Jayalalithaa. Ganesan and his supporters left the Congress on differences in opinion on which fragment of ADMK to ally with in 1989 state elections.
Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani backed V. N. Janaki Ramachandran's fragment of the party and lost in all seats it competed for. Ganesan eventually regretted his decision to float his own party and merged the party with Janata Dal in December 1989.[1]
Sivaji Ganesan
[edit]Sivaji Ganesan was one of the foremost stars of Tamil film industry. Born as V. C. Ganesan, he was christened Sivaji by Periyar E. V. Ramasami, who was then leading the Dravidar Kazhagam and the Self-respect movement, in the 1940s.[2] He debuted in the Tamil movie Parasakthi in 1952, a movie which heavily contained elements of Dravidian politics.[3] Although Ganesan was a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam he found that atheistic outlook of the party to cost him his movie fame.[4] He was also frustrated with importance given to M. G. Ramachandran, another movie star, in the party.[4] But yet he stayed on in the party until his visit to Tirumala Venkateswara Temple became a center of controversy within the DMK.[4] Responding to the controversy Ganesan called the DMK "a glamour party"[5] and moved to Tamil National Party.[4] The Tamil National Party was itself formed by former members of DMK such as E. V. K. Sampath[6] and Kannadasan.[7] Later Ganesan joined the Indian National Congress when Tamil National Party was merged with it.[8]
Birth of Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani
[edit]M. G. Ramachandran had been heading the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) as its founder after his feud with M. Karunanidhi in 1972.[9] He had been the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu since 1977 until his death in 1987.[4] Soon after his death the party broke into two, one headed by his wife V. N. Janaki Ramachandran and other by another Tamil movie star J. Jayalalithaa.[10] Election Commission of India refused to accept either of them as the original ADMK.[10] Tamil Nadu Congress decided to ally with Jayalalitha's fragment of ADMK.[11]
This move was opposed by Sivaji Ganesan and hence he left the party along with his supporters to form the new party Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani[11] on 10 February 1988.[12] To popularise the party Ganesan produce a movie titled En Thamizh En Makkal (My Tamil language and my people).[13] At the time the party was created it was considered to be pro-Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) along with ADMK faction led by R. M. Veerappan.[14] The party opposed the presence of Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka stating that the force was trying to wipe out the LTTE and its leader V. Prabhakaran.[15] The party also urged the Government of India to hold talks with the LTTE without any pre- condition.[15]
Merger with Janata Dal
[edit]The party lost every seat it contested for in the 1989 elections. Sivaji himself lost at Thiruvaiyaru to a DMK candidate by a margin of 10,643 votes.[12] Soon after the election he dissolved the party and asked his party cadres to join Janata Dal[16] which he himself did after an invitation from V. P. Singh.[12] Later in his life Sivaji Ganesan regretted to have ever floated his own party and reportedly said:
Many of the people with me were professional politicians. They had to remain in politics necessarily to make a living. I was compelled to start a party for their sake, although I did not require it.[12]
On other occasion he added:
The votes that I secured came from people of another party. It is true that I was defeated. This was a big disappointment and a very difficult situation that I faced. What could one do? When we take wrong decisions, we have to face disappointments.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Ramakrishnan, T. (9 January 2024). "In Tamil Nadu, politics has been a mixed bag for its tinseltown stars". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ Viswanathan, S (17 August 2001). "Tamil cinema's lodestar". Frontline. Archived from the original on 24 November 2002. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ Devdas, Vijay (2006). "Rethinking Transnational Cinema: The Case of Tamil Cinema". Scenes of Cinema. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Hardgrave, Jr, Robert L (March 1973). "Politics and the Film in Tamilnadu: The Stars and the DMK" (PDF). Asian Survey. 13 (3). JSTOR: 288–305. doi:10.2307/2643038. hdl:2152/34387. JSTOR 2643038.
- ^ Hardgrave, Jr, Robert L. (1964). "The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism". Pacific Affairs. 37 (4). JSTOR: 396–411. doi:10.2307/2755132. JSTOR 2755132.
- ^ Hardgrave, Robert. L (1979). Essays in the Political Sociology of South India. Usha, 1979 (Originally published by University of Michigan). p. 70. ISBN 978-81-7304-052-8.
- ^ Sampath, Iniyan. "Famil background". Archived from the original on 20 January 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
- ^ "Sivaji Ganesan". Upperstall. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ Prasad, M Madhava (1999). "Cine-Politics: On the Political Significance of Cinema in South India". Journal of Moving Image. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ a b Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha; Shankar Raghuraman (2004). A Time of Coalitions. SAGE. pp. 235–236. ISBN 0-7619-3237-2.
- ^ a b Subramaniamn, TS (30 July 2004). "Celluloid connections". Frontline. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Kantha, Sachi Sri (9 November 2008). "Book Review: Autobiography of Actor-Politician Sivaji Ganesan". Sangam. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ Kumar, Ashok (5 April 2006). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
- ^ "Shivaji Ganesan Biography". Love India. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- ^ a b "Jain Commission Interim Report: Growth of Sri Lankan Tamil Militancy in Tamil Nadu. Chapter I - Phase II (1987-1988)". on Tamil Nation website. Retrieved 21 January 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Ramachandran, K (22 July 2001). "He strode Kollywood like a colossus". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 July 2003. Retrieved 21 January 2009.